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Document Type

Review

Subject Areas

Pharmaceutical Medicinal Chemistry

Keywords

Diabetes; Synthetic drugs; Side effects; Phytochemicals; Protein targets; Therapeutics

Abstract

Diabetes is a chronic metabolic disorder that affects millions of people around the globe. Prolonged hyperglycemia, abnormal metabolism of fats and carbohydrates, oxidative damage, and a high incidence of microvascular diseases are the common hallmarks of diabetes and its complications. This condition has been shown to hasten the onset of several other disorders, including peripheral neuropathy, nephropathy, and cardiomyopathy, pulmonary arterial disease, and coronary artery disease, thereby necessitating exploration of different avenues of medicinal regimen to address / delineate the complications. The subject matter for this review has been gathered from a range of research publications, review papers, and book chapters using Google, PubMed, and SciHub, and the frameworks were created using in silico tools. The antiglycemic medications have yet to prove effective in keeping glucose manageable for a long duration in many patients. Moreover, relying only on insulin injections to regulate blood sugar levels has unfavorable effects as well. These serious side effects led to an increasing curiosity towards natural substances. This research aims to investigate the various challenges that the majority of diabetic patients experience throughout their medical procedures following the use of synthetic anti-diabetic medicines. As a result, this study explores how plant-based molecules might be employed as substitutes/alternatives for synthetic pharmaceuticals to enhance therapeutic processes and minimize negative effects.

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